Sustainable management of water resources is becoming an urgent issue because of the increasing contamination and scarcity. Indeed,

our natural environment is becoming highly stressed, which is directly linked to the deficient or non-deficient existing wastewater treatment plants responsible for the disposal of untreated/partially treated industrial and domestic waste waters. This unregulated practice compromises the accessibility to clean water and sanitation and thus, resulting in severe health hazards and environmental

risks. to cope with these problems, wetland systems are increasingly being recognized as a potentially suitable decentralized way to combat water pollution. In recent years, they are gaining importance as a eco-technological wastewater treatment option around the 

globe, especially in developing countries, where advanced wastewater treatment technologies are neither available nor affordable.

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In India, wetlands cover about 4.7% of the total geographic area of the country. Around 2,01,503 wetlands are identified across the

country according to the National Wetland atlas 2011, prepared by Space Application centre , Indian Space Research Organisation

(Ahmedabad). Natural wetlands have been effectively used for wastewater treatment across the world for many years. Wetlands are relatively low-cost and eco-friendly wastewater treatment options and require easy installation and less maintenance as well as

generate minimum secondary pollutants. They are not only used to degrade/detoxify the organic pollutants and remove nutrients from municipal sewage, storm water and agricultural runoff but also remove toxic metals.

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Natural wetlands are the most productive ecosystems on the earth and have been used as a convenient wastewater discharge sites for centuries. They plan many roles in the environment, principally water provisioning, management and purification, flood control,

carbon sink, ground water recharge, shoreline stability and biodiversity maintenance. Wetlands have been called 'kidneys of the

landscape' because of their ability to store, assimilate and transform contaminants lost from the land before they reach waterways.

India is currently facing critical water shortage and serious pollution issues. India ranks 120th out of 122 nations for it's water quality

and 133rd out of 180 nations for it's water availability.

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